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Montgomery
County
Montgomery
County was the first county in Maryland to respond to intense development
pressure. The rural county became a desirable place to live
in the 50's because residents could commute to neighboring Washington
D.C. The intense growth of the 1950's and 60's permanently
changed the county's landscape. It also changed the attitudes
of the people mapping the county's future. After witnessing
the disappearance of farmland in the southeastern part of the county,
county officials decided to protect the remaining farmland in the
county's northwestern half. In 1964, the county established
a General Plan that pronounced the need for preserving countryside
and concentrating growth in and around municipalities.
It was the first public document in Montgomery County to recognize
that farmland is necessary for the survival of the agricultural industry.
In 1973, the county hired a full-time agricultural resources coordinator
and revised its zoning ordinance. In 1980, the county approved
and began to implement the Plan for the Preservation of Agricultural
Land and Open Space. The plan recommended the use of two techniques:
Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) and APZ. The county amended
the zoning ordinance and created an 89,000 acre Agricultural Reserve,
which limited development to one dwelling per 25 acres. A county
study found that this was the minimum acreage that could support a
farm family on a cash-crop, direct-market basis. Landowners
in these APZ areas are permitted to sell their development rights
to landowners in designated growth areas that want to develop their
property at a higher density. Montgomery County also established its
own PACE program and since 1980, the county has spent approximately
$18 million and permanently protected more than 43,000 acres of farmland,
almost half of the county's farmland.
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